Taking a look at a cross section chunk, there's also a layer of smooth muscle which has nerves of the autonomic nervous system in it.

来看一下这个横断面，这一层还有平滑肌，里面含有属于神经系统的神经。

He wrote the first textbook about the diseases connected to the autonomic nervous system.

他写了第一本关于神经系统相关疾病的教科书。

Then from your amygdala the information moves to your hypothalamus which communicates with your autonomic nervous system and adrenal glands.

然后，信息从你的杏仁核转移到你的下丘脑，下丘脑与你的神经系统和肾上腺交流。

The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system and it helps mediate your automatic functions like breathing, heart rate, sweating, and digestion.

交感神经系统是神经系统的一部分，它有助于调节你的能，如呼吸、心率、出汗和化。

Plaques can also involve the autonomic nervous system which can lead to bowel and bladder symptoms like constipation and urinary incontinence, as well as sexual symptoms like sexual dysfunction.

硬化斑也会影神经系统，导致肠道与膀胱症状（便秘和尿失禁）和性能障碍。

Now we don't actually have voluntary control over this particular sphincter, but the autonomic nervous system keeps it cinched up whenever you're not peeing to prevent leakage.

我们实际上并不能控制这个特殊的括约肌，但是神经系统会在你不撒尿的时候把它收紧以防止泄漏。

Unlike the skeletal muscles, the body's cardiac and smooth muscles are managed by the autonomic nervous system beyond our direct control.

与骨骼肌不同，身体的心肌和平滑肌是由神经系统控制，而非听从我们的直接控制。

Toxic metabolites also affect the autonomic nervous system regulating gastrointestinal motility, and this can causes abdominal pain, constipation, and vomiting.

毒性代谢产物也可以影调节胃肠蠕的神经系统，可以导致腹痛、便秘和呕吐。

When your brain senses stress, it activates your autonomic nervous system.

当你的大脑感受到压力时，它会激活你的神经系统。

For now, you learned the basic two-part system of your autonomic nervous system.

现在，你学习了神经系统的基本两部分系统。

This involuntary sphincter is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and keeps the urethra closed when the bladder isn't full.

这一非随意括约肌由神经系统控制，能够在膀胱非充盈时保持尿道关闭。

You may recall from our tour of the anatomy of your autonomic nervous system, that in both your sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, almost every signal has to cross two synapses.

你可能还记得我们对你神经系统解剖的介绍，在你的交感神经和副交感神经部门，几乎每个信号都必须通过两个突触。

But if you were to somehow disconnect your heart from your autonomic nervous system, things, as you might imagine, would change.

但是如果你以某种方式切断了心脏和神经系统的连接，你可以想象事情会发生改变。

And that is basically your autonomic nervous system in a nutshell.

简而言之，这就像是你的神经系统。

That smooth muscle tissue is regulated in part by the nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system, which can decrease the diameter of the lumen by contracting this middle layer during vasoconstriction, or expand it by relaxing during vasodilation.

平滑肌组织部分由神经系统的神经纤维调节，神经系统可以在血管收缩时通过收缩中间层来减小管腔直径，或者在血管舒张时通过放松来扩大管腔直径。

One of the two divisions of your autonomic nervous system is called the sympathetic system.

你的神经系统的两个部分之一叫做交感神经系统。

There is evidence out there that the emotional aspect of swearing elicits a psychophysiological response, basically an autonomic nervous system response to what we call the fight or flight response.

有证据表明， 咒骂的情感层面会引发心理生理反应，本质上是对我们称之为“战斗或逃跑反应” 的神经系统应。

So it's basically a question of How much is their autonomic nervous system in favor of sort of a stress response versus a recovery response?

因此，这本质上是一个问题：他们的神经系统在多大程度上倾向于应激反应而非恢复反应？

So they're like, since it's nerve damage, that makes us think that there's some sort of maybe autonomic nervous system control going on.

所以他们认为， 既然是神经损伤，这让我们推测可能存在某种神经系统控制的机制。

Stress hormones, autonomic nervous system, which are our kind of stress calibrators in the body, all increase, and they're bad for health.

压力激素和神经系统——它们是我们体内的压力调节器——都会增加，这对健康不利。